The Violence Of Worldwide Violence - 1159 Words

Worldwide violence is on an all-time rise. We see this in the newspapers, on the television, and all over the internet. However, workplace violence or WPV in healthcare is not something that tends to be in the general public’s eye. Yet WPV is a growing epidemic made evident by the passing of the Girgenti/Madden bill. The bill upgraded the penalties for assaulting healthcare workers from assault to aggravated assault. Such charges had long been afforded to law enforcement officers, firefighters, teachers, and even judges. OSHA defines WPV as â€Å"any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. It can affect and involve employees, clients, customers and visitors† (para. 1). Chapman, Perry, Styles, and Combs (2009) found that 75% of sampled nurses had experienced WPV within a 12-month period. Of th ese WPV cases 92% were verbal abuse, 69% physical threats, and 52% were physical assaults (p. 482). Speroni, Fitch, Dawson, Dugan, and Atherton (2014) conducted a comparative study with similar results. Of 762 nurses surveyed 76% had experienced WPV. When narrowed down to only emergency room nurses 96.7% had experienced WPV (p. 220). According to the CDC violence in a healthcare setting are more likely to occur in psychiatric wards, emergency rooms, waiting rooms, and geriatric units (para. 11). WPV canShow MoreRelatedViolence Is A Serious Problem Worldwide2003 Words   |  9 PagesAbuse is a serious problem worldwide and happens countless times on a daily basis. Information regarding how to deal with violence and aggression is vital to our personal well-being. Abuse comes in numerous styles and does not discriminate against anybody; violence can and often does happen to people in every type of lifestyle, culture, occupation, social-class, religion and age group. 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ThisRead MoreDomestic Violence And Socioeconomic Status Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pages Domestic Violence and Socioeconomic Status Kevin Lybacki Domestic Violence Professor C. Auletto 11/27/16  Domestic violence is a problem in society that faces many different people. Regardless of where people may live, how old they may be, what gender they may be, what ethnicity, etc, domestic violence occurs. In order to understand the severity of domestic violence, the definition must be understood. Domestic violence can be defined as â€Å"any incident or pattern of incidents of controllingRead MoreThe Effects of Violence on Women Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Violence on Women Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, in developing, as well as in developed countries. It cuts across cultural and religious barriers, restricting women from fully participating in society. 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Women own the right to their voice, to their ideas, and most importantly to their bodies;Read MoreIssue Relating to Violence Abuse Against Women and Children within Family918 Words   |  4 PagesIssue relating to violence abuse against women and children within family The issue that I am exploring As increasing number of women are gaining more rights globally as well as their economic power. However, domestic violence, especially violence against both women and children from associated partner remaining a broad issue that need to be addressed. Public health studies indicated that a large number of people have the experience of witnessing varies degree of violence within the family. I believeRead MoreYouth Violence And Its Effect On Children1637 Words   |  7 PagesSince the year 2000, youth violence has been one of the biggest concerns in almost every community. In my research I decided to evaluate the study of youth violence. 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Mr Abraham Lincoln Should Be On The Postage Stamp

Mr Abraham Lincoln should be on the postage stamp because he did many grate thing in his life and he served justice to the people. This is somethings he has done here in his time. Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Thomas was a strong and determined pioneer who found a moderate level of prosperity and was well respected in the community. The couple had two other children: Abraham s older sister Sarah and younger brother Thomas, who died in infancy. Due to a land dispute, the Lincoln s were forced to move from Kentucky to Perry County, Indiana in 1817, where the family squatted on public land to scrap out a living in a crude shelter, hunting game and farming a†¦show more content†¦Neighbors recalled how Abraham would walk for miles to borrow a book. He undoubtedly read the family Bible and probably other popular books at that time such as Robinson Crusoe, Pilgrims Progress and Aesop’s Fables. In March, 1830, the family again migrated, this time to Macon County, Illinois. When his father moved the family again to Coles County, 22-year-old Abraham Lincoln struck out on this own, making a living in manual labor. At six feet four inches tall, Lincoln was rawboned and lanky, but muscular and physically strong. He spoke with a backwoods twang and walked with a long-striding gait. He was known for his skill in wielding an ax and early on made a living splitting wood for fire and rail fencing. Young Lincoln eventually migrated to the small community of New Salem, Illinois, where over a period of years he worked as a shopkeeper, postmaster, and eventually general store owner. It was here that Lincoln, working with the public, acquired social skills and honed story-telling talent that made him popular with the locals. When the Black Hawk War broke out in 1832 between the United States and Native Americans, the volunteers in the area elected Lincoln to be their captain. He saw no com bat during this time, save for a good many bloody struggles with the mosquitoes, but was able to make several important political connections. It was soon after this that he purportedly met and became romantically involved with Anne Rutledge. Before they

Health Literacy and Communication for Ethics- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth Literacy and Communication for Ethics. Answer: Effective communication is one of the most important aspects in the healthcare in the modern generation. This attribute between the patients as well as the healthcare providers has become a critical element for developing quality of the care provided to patients. In the modern generation, Australia has become a nation where people from various backgrounds have found secured shelter in the nation and are living stable lives. Therefore, the healthcare-centres need to prepare their employees in ways by which they can meet the needs and requirements of the patients who come to seek healthcare service from the healthcare centres in culturally competent way (Beatncourt et al., 2016). People from different cultures have their own beliefs, attitudes, behaviours as well as biases that have the capability to influence the patient care. Becoming aware of the cultural needs of the patients help, the healthcare providers to modify their care plans and communicate them in ways that make them feel respected (Purnell, 2014). Becoming culturally aware and developing cultural knowledge of different types of persons living in the nation of Australia is therefore important for the development of communication skills that align with their culture. This would ensure them to provide care that would ensure high patient satisfaction. Two forms of communication need to be developed by the healthcare professionals to provide high quality satisfactory care to patients. One of them is the linguistic competence. With this communication skill, healthcare professionals would be able to communicate effectively with diverse populations that include individuals who have limited English proficiency. The development of this skill is also found to be important for handling culturally diverse people who may have low literacy skills or those who are not literate, disabled or have hearing disabilities (Hendson et al., 2015). Effective communication can never be achieved if there is cultural as well as linguistic barrier. Therefore, in such situations, organisations mainly help the professional to develop linguistic competence in two ways. The organisation can educate the professionals to develop the language knowledge of the most common culturally diverse patients of the nation who come for healthcare service. Moreover, it is al so seen that healthcare organisations are now a days trying to appoint professional trained interpreters who are helping the healthcare providers to communicate with the patients successfully. Many patients have limited English proficiency and therefore the information that they provide to the healthcare professionals are not well understood by the healthcare service providers (Douglas et al., 2014). This results in inappropriate practices, medication errors and many others that may threaten the life of patients. Therefore, in order to provide culturally safe care, professionals, interpreters help in relaying fill information to professionals to help them develop high quality care plan. Therefore, individuals who face cultural and language barriers are advised to contact higher authorities in cases where they require interpreters for providing culturally competent services. Another most important aspect of culturally competent communication is proper knowledge of the nonverbal cues that are used by the healthcare professionals while providing care. Patients are seen to be a very keen observer of the body language of the professionals when they are providing care and this body language helps them to develop certain assumptions about the professionals. They tend to understand whether the professional is confident, caring, empathetic, and compassionate and genuinely cares for the patient. Such body language and non verbal cues also play an important role in healthcare services helping to provide culturally appropriate care services (Betancourt et al., 2014). Eye contact while communicating and caring for the patient are perceived by different cultures in different ways and therefore professionals should be well aware of this nonverbal communication skill. For example, most of the patients from Asian culture are mainly seen to take direct eye contact as a d isrespecting gesture and consider this to be a rude approach. However, in the western culture, this is seen to be of a proper manner of communication as this makes the patients of western background to feel that the professional is confident and respectful of the patient. Moreover, the sense of touch is also perceived by different cultures of patients in different ways and therefore, professionals should e careful about these features (Howe Walker, 2017). It is expected of every professional to understand the cultural requirements, preferences, cultural traditions, preferences and inhibitions so that they can communicate with them in ways that aligns with their expectations. For this reason, professionals need to be highly flexible for adapting to the cultural necessitates and hence communicate with them in culturally competent manner. It is seen that when patients receive culturally incompetent care, they feel dejected, disrespected and uncared. They feel unloved and become depressed and demoralised. They feel that as the professionals are more powerful than they in this situation are, they are influencing their strength over the needs and dignity of the patient. All these have negative aspects affect the patient and therefore they experience negative outcomes on their health. When patients feel that the care provided to them aligns with their culture, they feel that the professionals are affectionate and think for the betterment of the patient (Nouri et al., 2017). They feel that they are trying to maintain their dignity and autonomy and hence they develop trust on the professionals. As they rely on the professionals, they are seen to be more adherent with the instructions of the professionals that have positive outcome on their health. Health literacy: Health literacy as well as health communication is the study as well as the practice by which healthcare professionals are seen to communicate different forms of promotional health information. This may be through the procedures of public health campaigns as well as health education and exchange of important information between the doctors and the patients. Researchers have defined health literacy as the degree by which individuals can obtain, process and thereby understand information and services on health by which they can make appropriate health decisions (Green et al., 2014). They have stated that health communication has the main purpose of disseminating information for influencing personal health choices to improve health literacy that has huge number of benefits on the lives of the patients. Health literacy is composed of two components. One of them is the treatment-based information. Patients of different cultures have different preferences and therefore they remain quite an xious about the interventions that are taken for them. They remain fearful that whether the interventions would be aligned to their cultures. This first component mainly helps the professionals to convey all-important information to the patient about the treatment, and the alternatives, the risk and benefits associated with them and others. This makes them feel included in the care plan at the same time developing their health literacy. Another component helps the patients to educate about the disorder that had occurred to them, the different ways that they can adopt to overcome the symptoms. It also tells them the ways by which they can modify their lifestyle, diets, different habits and others so that they can develop better quality lives. Preventive measures are also discussed in details to develop health literacy in the patients (Seckin et al., 2016). Many important attributes can be associated with the development of health literacy in the individuals. The development of health literacy through effective communication procedures have the capability to understand their disorder, the severity of the disorder that compels them to align with the interventions and recommendations of the professional. It increases the knowledge of the patients and develops awareness of their health issue. It influences the attitude as well as the behaviour of the patient towards the health issue. It also helps in demonstrating different types of healthy practices helping the patient to live better quality life. It demonstrates the patients to understand the importance of behaviour changes resulting in better outcomes. They help to clear out misconceptions that many individuals coming from other backgrounds may have (Damesworth et al., 2018). It also helps to develop trust among the patients increasing the opportunities for treatment acceptance. It also helps the patients to decide the best plan of action ensuring continuity of care between the appointments. There are large number of negative impacts which can result if the patients are not provided with adequate health information and are not communicated the healthcare necessities effectively. They will have poorer knowledge as well as understanding of the medical conditions including their preventability. There may be also a higher are rate of hospitalisation associated with adverse events and different culturally and racially mediated inequalities in health outcomes (Douglas et al., 2014). It may also lead to fragmented access to care along with reduced utilisation of the different types of preventative health services and improper management of chronic disorders. Increased level of medication errors, misdiagnosis due to improper communication, low rates of guidance and treatment compliance are the negative aspects. There may be also higher levels of hospital readmissions, higher mortality, and unnecessary emergency room presentations. From the above discussion, it becomes quite clear that patients coming from different cultural backgrounds have unique healthcare needs and requirement. In order to provide care that aligns with their cultural traditions, preferences and inhibitions, professionals need to develop communication skills that help them to feel respected, cared and loved. Culturally competent communication helps to maintain their dignity and autonomy that makes them not only develop trust on the professionals but also makes them feel that the professionals respect their culture and genuinely feel for them. Effective communication is also essential to develop health literacy in the patients. They may have many cultural practices that might affect their health. Health literacy helps them to develop knowledge on the treatment that are provided to them and develop knowledge about the preventive strategies that ensure better health. All these would help the professionals to contribute to better quality lies of patients coming from different cultural backgrounds. References: Betancourt, J. R., Corbett, J., Bondaryk, M. R. (2014). Addressing disparities and achieving equity: cultural competence, ethics, and health-care transformation.Chest, vol ;145(1), pp 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.13-0634 Betancourt, J. R., Green, A. R., Carrillo, J. E., Owusu Ananeh-Firempong, I. I. (2016). Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care.Public health reports. https://doi.org/10.1093/phr/118.4.293 Dameworth, J. L., Weinberg, J. A., Goslar, P. W., Stout, D. J., Israr, S., Jacobs, J. V., ... Petersen, S. R. (2018). Health Literacy And Quality Of Physician-Trauma Patient Communication: Opportunity For Improvement.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery. 10.1097/TA.0000000000001934 Douglas, M. K., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D. F., Callister, L. C., Hattar-Pollara, M., Lauderdale, J., ... Purnell, L. (2014). Guidelines for implementing culturally competent nursing care.Journal of Transcultural Nursing,vol 25(2), pp109-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659614520998 Green, J. A., Gonzaga, A. M., Cohen, E. D., Spagnoletti, C. L. (2014). Addressing health literacy through clear health communication: a training program for internal medicine residents.Patient education and counseling, vol 95(1), pp76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2014.01.004 Hendson, L., Reis, M. D., Nicholas, D. B. (2015). Health care providers perspectives of providing culturally competent care in the NICU.Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Neonatal Nursing, vol44(1), pp17-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/1552-6909.12524 Howe, C. J., Walker, D. (2017). 002Pediatric Diabetes Educators Use of Recommended Health Literacy Communication Techniques.Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families,vol 34, 101-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2017.02.011 Nouri, S. S., Rudd, R. E. (2015). Health literacy in the oral exchange: An important element of patientprovider communication.Patient education and counseling,vol 98(5), 565-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2014.12.002 Purnell, L. D. (2014).Guide to culturally competent health care. FA Davis.retreived from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ubBxAwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR1dq=culturally+competent+care+and+communicationots=KSofQNq4KKsig=epzsl_Nou9mm_0A3fO9gY6JrHTA#v=onepageq=culturally%20competent%20care%20and%20communicationf=false Sekin, G., Yeatts, D., Hughes, S., Hudson, C., Bell, V. (2016). Being an informed consumer of health information and assessment of electronic health literacy in a national sample of internet users: validity and reliability of the e-HLS instrument.Journal of medical Internet research,vol 18(7). 10.2196/jmir.5496

The Slave Trade in Colonial Charleston free essay sample

The ways and reasons in which the slave trade in colonial Charleston, South Carolina was so relevant are surprisingly interesting. The slave trade was important economically and capitalistically speaking: the economy highly depended on the slave trade and was literally dominated by it in some states. Besides the economy, other reasons of its importance were implied in politics and business: what made it really big in Charleston and in South Carolina in general was that slaves ended constituting the majority which means that slavery was focused much more in this state than in any other one.Another season we can mention why the slave market was so alive in South Carolina and also well present in other states and islands is because whites considered the blacks to be inferior to them, considering an African to be the 3/5 Of a human being at that time and so they gave themselves the right to run the African slave trade without hesitating, and it is amazing to know how the slave trade was able to last for so long before it was officially banned and abolished through politics and war, only 145 years ago in 1865 (common knowledge). We will write a custom essay sample on The Slave Trade in Colonial Charleston or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Charleston has clearly been the slave trade leader in America during all that mime and the upcoming explanation of this will let others know if they should agree or not with this argument. Charleston was once called Charles Town, named after King Charles II of England during the American Revolution. The port of Charleston is located at the center of inland waterways and it expanded from Stetsons River in Florida to the Cape Fear River in North Carolina. This port was the best located one since it went more largely into the midland than any other one in South Carolina (see map p. 0). Charleston was told to be the center of government and social life (Littered, 1986, p. 3); what we mean is that Charleston was the main destination for slaves taken from Africa to North America. Slave labor helped to advance the production of goods that made the colony prosperity. Slaves that already lived in South Carolina could have been sold as auctions and this generally happened when planters settled debts when they retired or when the importations of slaves were banned for a short while because there were enough slaves in Charleston at that point.Even if slave importations could be paused, the slave sales in North America did not: In fact, the slave business in South Carolina was mostly focused in Charleston, which served as an outlet for the distribution of slaves for practically the whole region between the lower Chesapeake and SST. Augustine (Morgan, 1998). All this information helps to show that the city and port of Charleston were the biggest ones in all southern America throughout the eighteenth century and was the fourth biggest city in North America! The center of trade for southern America at Charleston helped benefit the merchants slave business. The distribution and transaction fees were smaller in Charleston than in other ports because recreants could gain faster there, there was the credit availability, better detailed business information on prospects for imported slave shiploads, and transportation rates for return shipments. Additionally, bigger vessels could be used where goods were focused in a port and Charleston was a good one because of its great location and its Ashley and Cooper rivers that went past the city (Morgan, 1998). At Charleston, the slave business occurred all over town.At least 405 merchants paid taxes for imported black shiploads in the forty years past 1 735 which shows that most merchants in Charleston would ant to get into the slave business knowing it was the most competitive one of all. In this business, there was a large concentration of firms: Sixty per cent of slaves brought to Charleston during the colonial period were sold by only eighteen firms and only three of them brought in over twenty ships, which explains that to be a great slave trader, large capital and access to credit were needed (Morgan, 1998).A well known firm named Austin Laurels noted that African factors in Charleston needed a substantial capital to negotiate for large, regular importations of slaves (Morgan, 1 998, p. 910). Furthermore, slave customers most likely did business with merchants with whom they Were comfortable with, which of course advantaged firms with a higher amount of sales.I will refer to Benjamin Smith, the senior partner in the large slave-trading firm of Smith, Breton Smith, who had a great influence on the planters and a considerable knowledge and talent in the way he carried out his business: the fact that several head South Carolina planters lived in Charleston meant that they easily had great access to merchants, goods and slaves, and that they were also in a good position to take advantage of credit revived by Charleston merchants in the local mortgage market.Basically, Charleston had the advantage of being the commercial center of the state and could then bring to it several wealthy customers, even from different states (Morgan, 1998). In fact, their allies in North Carolina and in Georgia were great clients for these South Carolinians Of Charleston even though every state w as in completion with the other, none ever reached the size to be in real competition with Charleston. Another way to show how Charleston was the center of it all is that only eight per cent of its slave importations in he colonial period were moved elsewhere because they mostly stayed in Charleston (Morgan, 1998).Before ships can enter Charleston, they were obligated to stop at a quarantine house on Sullivan Island for ten days because of diseases such as smallpox. The South Carolina Assembly demanded taxes on slaves imported from all areas starting from 1 703 as a means of raising income; this became one the most solid sources of revenue for the state (Britton, 2001 Implying details of the slave market, merchants paid import taxes according to the size, age and gender of slaves; the highest costs were for slaves over 4. N height They also paid much higher taxes on slaves brought from the West Indies and elsewhere in North America than on those landing directly from Africa. Slaves brought to South Carolina from any other English colony were normally taxed at five or six times the rate for freshly imported slaves. By the sass, an extra tax of fifty pounds was added to the regular one of 10 pounds for slaves that had been in other English colonies for over six months.A particular law in 1 740 called the Negro Duty Law, demanded public officials to catch sales so they can oversee the tax payments made by merchants or shipmates bringing slaves to South Carolina and no new slave could be taken away by his master until this tax was paid (Morgan, 1998). Slaves on sale were advertised and promoted in various local newspapers such as the South-Carolina Gazette, which was very popular and always included advertisements detailing the number of slaves, their homeland, and the time and place of the sale.Besides newspapers, publicized posters illustrating the slave sales were posted against walls in town and throughout country parishes (see p. 9-10) (Morgan, 1998). Involving the buyers and sellers roles: sellers were Charleston merchants playing the ole of factors from British merchant principals and their jobs were to obtain the best deals for slave shiploads, to finish transactions as fast as possible, to compete as best as they could with other local firms involved in the business, and to assure and Save a good amount of money obtained (Morgan, 1998).The slave business in colonial Charleston worked in an economically stable way: buyers and sellers were attentive of English merchants choosing regional areas for the settlement of slaves where the hope for the best prices could be gained; therefore, slaves were brought to Charleston simply because English merchants concluded that they would make more profit there than they would in the West Indies. It appears that changes in the prices paid for slaves in South Carolina have been caused by corporate provision and demand functions within the Atlantic trading world more than it has by factors wit hin the colony economy.It appears that modifications in the prices paid for slaves in South Carolina have been caused by corporate provision and demand functions within the Atlantic trading world more than it has by factors within the colony economy; planters calculated if they could ford to buy slaves mostly on the support of their income from sales of plantation goods. Therefore, the slave market was completely linked with the plantation economy (Littered, 1986). War on the other hand, simply affects the economy in general.It was harmful for the business by bringing down prices because planters could never be convinced that ports in Europe would stay open for the exportation of goods. As a reference to the previous sentence, the Austin Laurels firm stated that: the produce of South Carolina fell by at least a quarter in price with the prospect of war in the id-1 7505 (Morgan, 1 998, p. 914). Involving the seasons, the right time for selling slaves in Charleston was from March to October.March, April and May were the best month for the business before the summer heat can come and spoil it and at the same time, planters had just earthed rice and intended to offer good prices for slaves. Winter was inconvenient for sales because slaves could suffer from the cold temperature and catch pneumonia and sick slaves were obviously cheaper (Maniacal, 2001 The age and gender of slaves were important for the pricing as well. Young, strong and tall slaves were very such wanted for the crop cultivation because of its demanding physical work.Slaves between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five suited the market perfectly while slaves for thirty were inconvenient. To give more details: the chief demand for male slaves were for them to be between fourteen and twenty- five, and for females it was suggested for them to be between fourteen and twenty without fallen breasts and preferably never having been pregnant (Maniacal, 2001). A final detail involving the pricing of slaves implied the slaves homeland or ethnic background. Merchants had a negative perspective of laves from Calabash and from the Bright of Bavaria because they were generalized as being too weak and to miss behave.On the other hand, slaves from the Gold Coast and Gambia were seen as stronger and behaved better which made them wanted by merchants (Littered, 1991 The slave sales in colonial South Carolina were closely related to the success of rice and indigo crop cultivations. Rice owned the life of the low county and associated it to the wider Atlantic trading world. Indigo was able to pull Out a surplus Of slave labor when a lack of rice cultivation occurred during war, and all owed land unsuitable for rice) to suit the indigo growth and cultivation (Littered, 1991).A man named David Ryder has used econometric theory and an econometric model to state that: planters brought slaves with a higher degree of economic rationality: an increase of 3. 05 barrels (c. 1 600 lb. ) in the expected output of rice resulted in the importation of one additional slave and an anticipated amount of 2000 lb (Morgan, 1 998, p. 922). What is concluded from the previous statement is that slave buyers calculated the production profits that came from the possession of extra slaves put against the future rice of goods at sale.Furthermore, the demand for slaves in South Carolina was very much related with the money made from the exports of its major goods, and as the crop economies and slaveholders moved into the unoccupied land areas, the demand for slaves by new colonials led to very high prices. By the early 1 sass, the costs of exports had reached more than forty pounds. One shipload of 220 slaves coasted about fifty-two pounds in July 1 772, which has never been seen before at Charleston (Morgan, 1998).During the trip from Africa to Charleston, the slaves were so badly treated hat some didnt make it at all to the coast. In fact, their chances of living were not strong for a majority of them due to several reasons: some died from starvation because there wasnt enough food to assure their lives until the arrival, some died from diseases because they were not hygienically taken care of, and the conditions were so bad for them, that some simply jumped over board to die preferably drowned than suffering through those slow deaths.Apparently, the sailors held a lot of greed. They wanted to fill the boats with as many slaves as possible without caring about their conditions, ND so they chained and compacted them like sardines without any room to sit and fresh air to breath so some just suffocated to death in that hot and tight air (see images p. 12) (Fall, 2007). Implying the role of Jews during this period in which they have played a very important one. As we heard in class, the port Jews were excellent merchants and some were even high ranked involving the leadership and control of this transatlantic trade market. What wasnt mentioned was that South Carolina happened to be the state in which Jews formed a majority; which is another point to explain how South Carolina as the main state to attract colonials and immigrants looking to get in business.However, the role of Jews didnt simply consist in trading goods; for a minority of them, some also played a direct role in the slave trade: a business report indicated that out of 128 slave ships arriving in Charleston, 120 of those were under the names of Jews from South Carolina. Another surprising fact involving the Jews was that they created a new form of revenue: during the middle passage where slaves would get sick, it was hard for a captain to sell them once on shore and he would desperately accept any offer to at least leave with something in his pockets.So these Jews from Newport, South Carolina would offer to buy them at a cheap price; once the slaves in their possession, these Jewish merchants would simply treat the slaves and then sell them for as much as they could. The Jews were shown to be the ones owning that business tactic: occasionally, when the captain was once again stuck in that situation of not finding any buyers to purchase the sick slaves, he knew that the Jews were willing to bargain over them and therefore he would head to Newport.The Jews of Newport admitted in winning about half of all slave ships going from Newport to Africa (300/600). This interestingly explains how Jews grew their way up the latter from small time merchants to highly successful ship owners and why Newport by itself had around 5000 black slaves in the year 1756; Newport being the second greatest city in South Carolina after Charleston implying its commercial success (Blake, 1995).Nonetheless, it was possible for a slave to become a free man. For instance, a slave was freed if fought in the Continental army or in the British army during the American Revolution for a certain period of time. Another example is that a slave could simply be freed by his master instead of being sold, and ironically, that free black man can now own slaves if he ever found the capability to do so.In South Carolina for instance, since black slave traders saw that they can benefit from slavery and make some money, they could explain that because the business was so profitable, they could not give up their land without having money given in return, and so some blacks kept t heir slaves up until 1864 right when the civil war was still in action (Kroger, 1985). The United States Constitution has decided to ban the lave trade for twenty years after 1 787, and that meant that no new slaves were legally imported into South Carolina between that date and 1803.The transatlantic slave trade to the United States was finally abolished in 1 808, but the slave sales obviously still occurred in South Carolina professionally and domestically until the American Civil War making it end in 1 865 (Weir, 1997). This fairly well enough explains the ways and reasons that mark the leadership importance of the colonial slave trade in Charleston, South Carolina, as well as a good given detailed analysis of every aspect of the entire colonial South Carolinian slave trade.